Long-term performance of HDPE extrusion welds aged at 85°C in synthetic leachate
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The effect of ageing at 85°C of extrusion welds of 1.5 mm-thick high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane, immersed in synthetic municipal solid waste leachate, is investigated with respect to its standard oxidative induction time (Std-OIT) and stress crack resistance (SCR). Results show that the heat-affected zones (HAZ) adjacent to the squeeze-out bead (flashing) may exhibit faster STD-OIT depletion than the sheet. Generally, individual weld SCR failure times were observed to be between that of the notched and unnotched sheet. Welds with high welding-induced geometric irregularities (WIGI), and overheated fusion and extrusion welds are shown to result in SCR failure times close to that of a notched sheet. The average time to nominal failure (taken to be when tNF = 250 h) of Cool and Good welding parameter combinations ranges between 3% and 15% shorter than the unnotched sheet. Differences in tNF were attributed to accelerated craze formation in welds with high WIGI from stress concentration. No significant difference was observed between the SCR values of fusion and extrusion welds during 40 months of immersion in MSW-L3. This paper shows that overgrind negatively impacts the SCR of welds and accelerates the degradation of SCR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".