Estimation of Urinary C-terminal Telopeptide of Type II Collagen and its Correlation with Radiological Grading, Pain, and Function in Patients with Primary Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To estimate the level of urinary C-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen (uCTX-II) as a biomarker of cartilage turnover and to determine its correlation with radiological grading, pain, and functions of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2017 and August 2019 on 102 patients suffering from knee OA. Detailed demographic data were collected. uCTX-II level was measured for each patient. Radiological grading, pain and functional assessments were performed using Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grading, visual analogue scale (VAS), and Western Ontario and McMasters Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Results: The mean age of 62.3 (6.4) years and most patients (n = 56, 54.9%) were 61–70 years old. Females constituted 80.4% (n = 82). Among the occupations, housewives were more affected (55.9%, n = 57). Out of 102 patients, 32 (31.4%) had VAS pain 4, 25 (24.5%) had 5 and 45 (44.1%) had 6; 9 (8.8%) had K-L score 1, 51 (50%) had 2, 41 (40.2%) had 3 and 1 (1%) had 4; 35(34.3%) had WOMAC score <30, 59 (57.8%) had 30–40, and 8 (7.8%) had >40; 55 ( 53.9%) had uCTX-II level <50 ng/mmole, 25 (24.5%) had between 50 and 200 ng/mmole and 22 (21.6%) had >200 ng/mmole. There was a positive correlation between uCTX-II and WOMAC ( P = .006) and VAS ( P = .042). Conclusion: The present study findings highlighted that higher levels of uCTX-II were associated with higher levels of pain and greater difficulty with daily activities (measured by WOMAC disability score). This suggests that uCTX-II could be a useful biomarker for monitoring cartilage turnover in patients with knee OA and its relationship with pain and functional abilities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".