Effects of Reynolds Number on the Wake Characteristics of a Notchback Ahmed Body
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper investigates the effects of Reynolds number on the wake characteristics of a notchback Ahmed body with effective backlight angle, βe=17.8 deg. The Reynolds number based on the body height was varied from 5×103 to 5×104. Prior to the Reynolds number investigation, a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) model assessment was performed using nine turbulence models consisting of one- and two-equation eddy-viscosity models and second moment closure models. The standard Spalart–Allmaras model was the only model that accurately predicted the asymmetric time-averaged wake topology, as reported in previous studies, for the βe=17.8 deg notchback Ahmed body at Re=5×104. The drag coefficient decreased with increasing Reynolds number, while the lift coefficient remained constant for Re≥1×104. The wake structure exhibited three regimes: symmetric (Re≤1×104), transitionally asymmetric (1×104<Re≤3.5×104), and fully asymmetric (Re>3.5×104) states. The wake asymmetry was attributed to an imbalance in entrainment from the sides and asymmetric separation from the roof and the C-pillars of the body. The tilting and stretching terms in the vorticity transport equation were used to provide insight into the source of asymmetry in the vorticity field around the body.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".