Impact of Salts and Linear Carbonates on the Performance of Layered Oxide/Hard Carbon Sodium-Ion Pouch Cells with Alkyl Carbonate Electrolytes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study examines the influence of electrolyte salts and solvents on the performance of O3 layered oxide NaMn 0.39 Fe 0.31 Ni 0.22 Zn 0.08 O 2 /hard carbon sodium-ion pouch cells with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) jellyroll tape. A significant enhancement in cell performance between 2.0 and 3.8 V was observed across various temperatures (20, 40, and 55 °C) by substituting NaPF 6 with NaFSI, including reduced impedance growth, minimized gas generation, and supressed jellyroll tape decomposition. Ultra-high precision coulometry revealed that the use of NaPF 6 resulted in increased unwanted parasitic reactions associated with tape decomposition, e.g., capacity fade and charge endpoint capacity slippage. Teardown of sodium-ion pouch cells after cycling in DMC-based electrolytes revealed a severe decomposition of the PET tape with NaPF 6 but not with NaFSI. Gas chromatography shows significantly more electrolyte decomposition products with NaPF 6 as opposed to NaFSI. DEC-based electrolyte showed less capacity fade, less electrolyte decomposition products, and less tape decomposition after cycling than DMC-based electrolyte. The electrolyte additive DTD can prevent parasitic reactions in DMC- and NaPF 6 -based electrolyte. Overall, the choice of salts and linear carbonates in alkyl carbonate electrolytes plays a crucial role in determining the overall cycling performance of the layered oxide/hard carbon sodium-ion cells with PET jellyroll tape.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".