Identification and expression analysis of autophagy-related gene family associated with embryonic development in seeded and seedless grapes (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Autophagy is an important protein degradation pathway in eukaryotes and is involved in multiple processes. To date, many autophagy-related genes had been studied in various plants, but a few studies have been reported on the role of autophagy in seed development. For centuries, seedlessness has been one of the most valuable characteristics of grapes. In this study, we identified a total of 33 ATG genes in the grape. Tissue-specific expression analysis showed that VvATGs expressed widely in V. vinifera cv. ‘Pinot Noir’, indicating autophagy has an extensive role in plant development. Furthermore, we analysed the expression profiles of VvATGs during seed development in stenospermocarpic seedless ‘Thompson Seedless’ and seeded grapes ‘Pinot Noir’, the results showed that most of VvATGs exhibited higher expression levels in stenospermocarpic seedless grapes than that of seeded ones, which implies the autophagic activity in seedless grapes is relatively brisk and VvATGs may involve in the seed abortion. And the yeast two-hybrid assay showed that VvATG7 protein interacted with VvATG10 and VvATG12 protein, respectively, indicating that they may form autophagy complex through protein interactionIn summary, the genome-wide identification, expression analysis, and protein interaction of VvATGs provide new insights regarding potential roles during plant embryonic development.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".