New reports, new species, and high diversity of <i>Cantharellus</i> in the southern Appalachians
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chanterelles (genus Cantharellus) are among the most popular wild edible mushrooms worldwide. Efforts to understand chanterelle diversity have yielded numerous new species in recent years, particularly in eastern North America. We constructed a multilocus phylogeny including all described temperate species of Cantharellus and newly collected specimens from the eastern United States with an emphasis on southern Appalachia. We describe a new species, Cantharellus vicinus, an oak-associated chanterelle known only from lower-elevation areas in east Tennessee, based on phylogenetic and morphological data. Cantharellus vicinus is characterized by a compact stature, bright yellow hymenophore that turns salmon when mature, white stipe, and pale yellow pileus with a whitish bloom. The southeastern Cantharellus minor f. intensissimus is elevated to species level based on morphological and molecular evidence. The taxon is epitypified due to the sterile state of the holotype and ambiguity concerning application of the name. Evaluation of genetic diversity and gene conflict within Cantharellus camphoratus shows that it is a widespread species with populations in Atlantic Canada, the southeastern United States, and Japan. Similarly, C. cibarius and C. tenuithrix form complexes and may be more geographically widespread than previously thought. Additionally, we report the first known instances of Cantharellus betularum, C. corallinus, and C. altipes from the southern Appalachian Mountains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".