Beaulieu C, Lavoie C, Proulx R. 2018. Bookkeeping of insect herbivory trends in herbarium specimens of purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria).
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The potential use of herbarium specimens to detect herbivory trends is enormous but largely untapped. The objective of this study was to reconstruct the long-term herbivory pressure on an invasive plant, purple loosestrife (<i>Lythrum salicaria</i>), by evaluating leaf damages over 1323 specimens from southern Québec (Canada). Historical trends suggest a gradual increase in hole feeding and margin feeding damages from 1883 to around 1940, followed by a period of relative stability. The percentage of specimens with window feeding damages did not begin to increase until the end of the 20th century, from 3% (2 ̶ 6%) in 1990 to 45% (14 ̶ 81%) in 2015. Temporal changes in the frequency of window feeding damages support the hypothesis of an increasing herbivory pressure by recently introduced insects. This study shows that leaf damages made by insects introduced for the biocontrol of purple loosestrife, such as coleopterans of the <i>Neogalerucella</i> genus, can be assessed from voucher specimens. Herbaria are a rich source in information that can be used to answer questions related to plant-insect interactions in the context of biological invasions and biodiversity changes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.338 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".