Market transformations in the development of land relations (experience of Canada and Scotland)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The development of land relations today remains one of the most important tasks of Ukraine. The priority directions for the development of such relations are the creation of conditions for the inclusion of land to the economic circulation and the regulation of land relations in combination with the increase of budget revenues of all levels from the use of land. In modern conditions, the land policy of developed countries creates mechanisms for regulating the land market with a multifaceted socio-economic content. This complex process is accompanied by the reform of land relations. Effective management of land resources ensures the development of the land market. Discussions regarding the creation of a full-fledged land market in Ukraine are still ongoing. Analysis of foreign experience will allow to transform land relations in Ukraine. Natural resources are diverse, but land is becoming an increasingly valuable resource for most countries. They are trying to achieve high rates of economic growth, which, in turn, are related to the development of land resources. It often turns out that such «development» is connected with the seizure of a million hectares of agricultural land by rich corporations or even foreign states. Deprivation of rights to land claims the status of the most famous and, at the same time, little-researched form of deprivation of rights not only in modern literature devoted to «land grabbing», but also in classical theory in general. The article discusses the factors contributing to «land grabbing». Global factors causing similar processes in Canada and Scotland, current consequences, future risks are identified. It was established that the factors of «grabbing of land» for agricultural purposes are of different nature. This is a significant price differentiation on the land market, and the increase in the investment attractiveness of agricultural land, the consequences of privatization and land consolidation. The leading role of the state in the investment process and the existence of a strategy for spreading the influence of the countries in question, which is implemented in parallel with the purchase of land, are shown.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.035 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.011 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".