Visible Light-Induced Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Using Copper-Doped Carbon Dots One-Step Derived from CCA-Wood
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Developing novel eco-friendly broad-spectrum visible light photocatalysts for dye removal is one of the urgent problems for water treatment. Here, copper-doped carbon dots (CDs) were reported to be directly fabricated from chromated copper arsenate (CCA) wood waste for the photocatalytic degradation of the methylene blue dye. The properties of the resulting CDs were thoroughly characterized and analyzed, preceding an investigation into the adsorption kinetics of dye degradation. The kinetic study showed that reactant concentration was the rate-limiting factor. The obtained CDs showed a 151 mg/g photocatalytic degradation capacity. Comparing pure CDs to CDs/TiO2 composites, the former demonstrated higher photodegradation efficiency. This superiority can be attributed to the synergistic action of adsorption and photocatalytic degradation working in tandem. This study prepared Cu doped CDs and elucidated the photocatalysis mechanism of methylene blue degradation by CDs. The photodegradation of organic dyes through CDs derived from waste CCA wood emerges as an eco-friendly, facile, and highly efficient method.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".