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Record W4394692648 · doi:10.4212/cjhp.3491

Assessing Hospital Pharmacists’ Scope of Clinical Practice in Ontario

2024· article· en· W4394692648 on OpenAlexaffvenueabout
Sarah Tessier, Victor Tsang

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy · 2024
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicPharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
Canadian institutionsLondon Health Sciences CentreSt Joseph's Health CareOttawa Hospital
Fundersnot available
KeywordsStaffingScope of practiceScope (computer science)MedicinePharmacyDiscontinuationClinical pharmacyNursingFamily medicineHealth carePolitical science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Background: Expansion of the scope of pharmacists’ activities in hospital is associated with reductions in adverse events and drug- related readmissions. However, the breadth of hospital pharmacists’ clinical activities varies widely across Ontario due to provisions in the provincial Public Hospitals Act. Few data exist defining expanded scope in institutions across Ontario. Objectives: The primary objective was to describe the scope of practice of hospital pharmacists in Ontario who were undertaking expanded clinical activities based on policies or medical directives. The secondary objectives included determining benefits, limitations, facilitators, and barriers associated with implementing these activities. Methods: A survey was sent to the pharmacy leadership of Groups A and B public hospitals across Ontario. The survey contained quantitative and qualitative questions focused on 3 domains of expanded-scope activities: adaptation, discontinuation, and renewal of medication orders; prescriptive authority; and drug monitoring. Results: Of 56 hospitals invited, 46 (82%) submitted a survey response, with 1 exclusion (due to no response on some mandatory questions). The most common expanded-scope activity was independent performance of therapeutic drug monitoring (71%, 32/45). Pharmacists had the authority to independently adapt, discontinue, or renew inpatient medication orders in 60% (27/45) of hospitals, and could independently initiate medication orders in 20% (9/45). Barriers to implementing expanded-scope activities included limited time and staffing. Facilitators included proactive leadership, demonstrated clinical value, and strong rapport with other health care providers. Conclusions: Many institutions in Ontario have established polices to expand pharmacists’ clinical activities, but there is a great deal of variability in scope of practice. Advocacy at the provincial level to unify scope of practice will help to optimize patient outcomes. Keywords: pharmacist scope of practice, hospital pharmacy, expanded scope, Ontario RÉSUMÉ Contexte : L’expansion du champ d’activité des pharmaciens à l’hôpital est associée à une réduction des événements indésirables et des réadmissions liées aux médicaments. Cependant, l’étendue des activités cliniques des pharmaciens d’hôpitaux en Ontario varie considérablement en raison des dispositions de la Loi sur les hôpitaux publics de l’Ontario. Il existe peu de données définissant une portée élargie dans les établissements de l’Ontario. Objectifs : L’objectif principal consistait à décrire le champ d’exercice des pharmaciens d’hôpitaux en Ontario qui entreprenaient des activités cliniques élargies en fonction de politiques ou de directives médicales. Les objectifs secondaires comprenaient la définition des avantages, des limites, des facilitateurs et des obstacles associés à la mise en œuvre de ces activités. Méthodes : Un sondage a été envoyé aux responsables des pharmacies des hôpitaux publics des groupes A et B de l’Ontario. Il comprenait des questions quantitatives et qualitatives axées sur 3 domaines d’activités liés à une portée élargie : l’adaptation, l’interruption et le renouvellement des ordonnances de médicaments; le pouvoir prescriptif; et la surveillance des médicaments. Résultats : Sur 56 hôpitaux invités, 46 (82 %) ont soumis une réponse au sondage, avec 1 exclusion (en raison de l’absence de réponse à certaines questions obligatoires). L’activité à portée élargie la plus courante était la réalisation indépendante de la surveillance thérapeutique des médicaments (32/45, 71 %). Les pharmaciens avaient la capacité d’adapter, d’interrompre ou de renouveler de manière indépendante les ordonnances de médicaments pour les patients hospitalisés dans 60 % (27/45) des hôpitaux, et pouvaient les initier de manière indépendante dans 20 % (9/45) des hôpitaux. Les obstacles à la mise en œuvre d’activités à portée élargie comprenaient le manque de temps et de personnel. Les éléments facilitant la mise en œuvre d’activités à portée élargie comprenaient le leadership proactif, la valeur clinique démontrée et les relations solides avec les autres prestataires de soins de santé. Conclusions : De nombreux établissements en Ontario ont établi des politiques liées à l’expansion des activités cliniques des pharmaciens, mais il existe une grande variabilité dans le champ d’exercice. Le plaidoyer au niveau provincial pour unifier le champ de pratique contribuera à optimiser les résultats pour les patients. Mots-clés : champ d’exercice des pharmaciens, pharmacie hospitalière, champ d’exercice

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.003
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.012
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.172
Threshold uncertainty score0.346

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0030.012
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.002
Science and technology studies0.0020.001
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0010.002
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.209
GPT teacher head0.500
Teacher spread0.290 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2024
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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