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Record W4394692741 · doi:10.4212/cjhp.3454

Characteristics of Drug Poisonings Seen in the Emergency Department of an Urban Hospital

2024· article· en· W4394692741 on OpenAlexaffvenueabout
Matthew Bell, Anne Holbrook, Christine Wallace, Erich Hanel, Kaitlynn Rigg

Bibliographic record

VenueThe Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy · 2024
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicPoisoning and overdose treatments
Canadian institutionsMcMaster UniversitySt. Joseph’s Healthcare Hamilton
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMedicineEmergency departmentDrugEmergency medicineDrug overdoseMedical recordIncidence (geometry)Retrospective cohort studyInjury preventionPoison controlOccupational safety and healthMedical emergencyPediatricsInternal medicinePsychiatry

Abstract

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Background: Drug poisoning, either intentional or non-intentional, is a frequent diagnosis in the emergency department (ED), necessitating patient management from multiple services. Objective: To describe the drug poisonings seen in the ED of a large academic urban hospital. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study used 3 years of data (2018–2020) abstracted from the hospital’s electronic medical record system and linked to validated, coded extracts from the Canadian Institute for Health Information Discharge Abstract Database. Patients with a diagnosis of acute drug poisoning who presented to the ED were identified on the basis of International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision, Canada (ICD-10-CA) codes, and data were collected for demographic characteristics, the drugs involved, in-hospital management, and inpatient outcomes. Patients with diagnosis of an acute drug reaction, inebriation, or nondrug or in-hospital poisoning were excluded. Data were stratified and analyzed in relation to the intent of drug poisoning. Results: A total of 2983 visits for drug poisoning, involving 2211 unique patients (mean age 38.3 [standard deviation 16.2] years, 54.7% female), were included, yielding an overall incidence rate of 15.7 drug poisonings per 1000 ED visits (8.1 intentional, 6.4 non-intentional, and 1.3 unknown intent). Among the 1505 intentional drug poisonings, the most prevalent drug sources were antidepressants (n = 405, 26.9%), benzodiazepines (n = 375, 24.9%), and acetaminophen (n = 329, 21.9%); in contrast, opioids (n = 594, 48.1%) were most prevalent for the 1236 non-intentional poisonings. For 716 (24.0%) of the poisoning visits, the patient was admitted to acute care services, and the in-hospital mortality rate was 1.0% (n = 31). In addition, 111 patients (9.0%) with non-intentional drug poisoning left against medical advice. Finally, for 772 (25.9%) of the poisoning visits, the patient returned to the ED after discharge with a subsequent drug poisoning. Conclusions: Drug poisonings are a common cause of visits to urban EDs. They are rarely fatal but are associated with substantial utilization of hospital resources and considerable recidivism. Keywords: emergency, poisoning, overdose, opioids RÉSUMÉ Contexte : L’intoxication médicamenteuse, intentionnelle ou non, est un diagnostic fréquent dans le service des urgences (SU); elle nécessite la prise en charge des patients par plusieurs services. Objectif : Décrire les intoxications médicamenteuses observées dans le SU d’un grand hôpital universitaire urbain.Méthodologie : Pour cette étude rétrospective et descriptive, des données contenues dans le système de dossiers médicaux électroniques de l’hôpital et liées à des extraits validés et codés de la base de données sur les congés des patients de l’Institut canadien d’information sur la santé pendant 3 ans (2018-2020) ont été utilisées. Les patients ayant reçu un diagnostic d’intoxication médicamenteuse aiguë qui se sont présentés à l’urgence ont été identifiés sur la base des codes de la Classification statistique internationale des maladies et des problèmes de santé connexes, 10e version, Canada (CIM-10-CA), et des données ont été recueillies pour les caractéristiques démographiques, les médicaments impliqués, la prise en charge à l’hôpital et les résultats pour les patients hospitalisés. Les patients présentant un diagnostic de réaction médicamenteuse aiguë, d’ébriété ou d’intoxication non médicamenteuse ou à l’hôpital ont été exclus. Les données ont été stratifiées et analysées en fonction de l’intention de l’empoisonnement médicamenteux. Résultats : Au total, 2983 cas mettant en cause 2211 patients (âge moyen 38,3 [écart type 16,2] ans, dont 54,7 % de femmes) ont été inclus; les résultats ont donné un taux d’incidence global de 15,7 intoxications médicamenteuses pour 1000 visites au SU (8,1 intentionnelles; 6,4 non intentionnelles; et 1,3 intention inconnue). Parmi les 1505 intoxications médicamenteuses intentionnelles, les médicaments les plus répandues étaient les antidépresseurs (n = 405, 26,9 %), les benzodiazépines (n = 375, 24,9 %) et l’acétaminophène (n = 329, 21,9 %); les opioïdes (n = 594, 48,1 %) étaient les plus répandus parmi les 1236 intoxications non intentionnelles. Dans 716 des cas (24,0 %), le patient a été admis dans les services de soins aigus. Le taux de mortalité hospitalière était de 1,0 % (n = 31). Par ailleurs, 111 patients (9,0 %) présentant une intoxication médicamenteuse non intentionnelle ont quitté l’hôpital contre avis médical. Enfin, dans 772 des cas d’intoxication (25,9 %), le patient est retourné à l’urgence après sa sortie à cause d’une intoxication médicamenteuse ultérieure. Conclusions : Les intoxications médicamenteuses sont une cause fréquente de visites dans les SU urbains. Ils sont rarement mortels, mais sont associés à une utilisation importante des ressources hospitalières et à une récidive considérable.Mots-clés : urgence, empoisonnement, surdose, opioïdes

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.988
Threshold uncertainty score0.023

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.002
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.012
GPT teacher head0.285
Teacher spread0.273 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2024
Admission routes3
Has abstractyes

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