Bibliographic record
Abstract
C anada's decision not to support the United States and the United Kingdom in the unilateral invasion of Iraq in the spring of 2003 was a defining moment for Canada and its position in the post-9/11 world.It was also a defining moment in Jean Chrtien's decade as prime minister.However unlikely it may have seemed during his first two terms from 1993 to 2000, he leaves office having staked out a Canadian nationalist position for Canada, and the Liberal Party, in relation to an increasingly imperial United States.How likely was it that a prime minister who had embraced NAFTA and its projected extension to the Americas, economic globalization in all its forms, and starved the Canadian military of the resources required to permit Canada to play anything but a marginal role in global security, should suddenly step forward as champion of Canadian autonomy-on an issue on which the United States was trying ruthlessly to enforce compliance?Not likely at all, but he did, and in so doing, confounded critics on both the left and right.In 1963, in an earlier defining moment, the Conser vative government of John Diefenbaker had gone down to defeat at the hands of Lester Pearson's Liberals over the issue of US nuclear weapons on Canadian soil.George Grant had been moved to write his despairing Lament for a Nation: The Defeat of Canadian Nationalism in response to what he saw as the triumph of Liberal continentalism.Forty years later, a Liberal government stood up to the United States, while the conservative opposition (in both its manifestations) demanded unconditional loyalty to the American empire.This time, resistance did not lead
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".