Bibliographic record
Abstract
DEFINING MOMENT C anada's decision not to support theUnited States and the United Kingdom in the unilateral invasion of Iraq in the spring of 2003 was a defining moment for Canada and its position in the post-9/11 world.It was also a defining moment in Jean Chrétien's decade as prime minister.However unlikely it may have seemed during his first two terms from 1993 to 2000, he leaves office having staked out a Canadian nationalist position for Canada, and the Liberal Party, in relation to an increasingly imperial United States.How likely was it that a prime minister who had embraced NAFTA and its projected extension to the Americas, economic globalization in all its forms, and starved the Canadian military of the resources required to permit Canada to play anything but a marginal role in global security, should suddenly step forward as champion of Canadian autonomy-on an issue on which the United States was trying ruthlessly to enforce compliance?Not likely at all, but he did, and in so doing, confounded critics on both the left and right.In 1963, in an earlier defining moment, the Conser vative government of John Diefenbaker had gone down to defeat at the hands of Lester Pearson's Liberals over the issue of US nuclear weapons on Canadian soil.George Grant had been moved to write his despairing Lament for a Nation: The Defeat of Canadian Nationalism in response to what he saw as the triumph of Liberal continentalism.Forty years later, a Liberal government stood up to the United States, while the conservative opposition (in both its manifestations) demanded unconditional loyalty to the American empire.This time, resistance did not lead to defeat, but according to the polls, rebounded strongly to the government's political credit.Grant, it appears, was wrong about the Liberals, and about the inevitability of nationalism's defeat.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.051 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.008 | 0.015 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".