Photocatalytic hydrogen production from butanol reforming using Ag2O/TiO2 composite catalysts: Effects of AgxO and TiO2 precursors on the activity of the composite catalysts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Ag x O/TiO 2 composite catalysts with different silver and TiO 2 precursors were prepared viasol-gel and subsequet incipient wet impregnation method. The samples were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-Ray diffractometer (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV–vis/DRS. The activity of the samples was tested for photocatalytic hydrogen production from butanol reforming using a solar simulator. The Ag x O/TiO 2 catalyst prepared with silver nitrate precursor displayed higher activity compared to the other prepared catalysts using different silver precursor. Furthermore, the Ag x O/TiO 2 prepared with a TTIP precursor displayed the highest activity compared to the P25 sample and the other sample. The excellent activity was attributed to the uniform dispersion of Ag x O nanoparticles on the surface of TiO 2 particles; efficient light-harvesting, suppression of electron/hole recombination, and the crystallinity of the prepared sample. • A highly active Ag 2 O/TiO 2 composite catalysts was prepared. • Butanol was successfully reformed photocatalytically into hydrogen. • The effects of TiO 2 and Ag precursors were studied. • TTIP and AgNO 3 precursors produced highly active photocatalyst. • 0.5 wt% Ag 2 O/TiO 2 exhibited impressive activity than 0.5wt.%Ag 2 O/P25.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".