Hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate MRS evaluates immune potential and predicts response to radiotherapy in cervical cancer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Monitoring pyruvate metabolism in the spleen is important for assessing immune activity and achieving successful radiotherapy for cervical cancer due to the significance of the abscopal effect. We aimed to explore the feasibility of utilizing hyperpolarized (HP) [1- 13 C]-pyruvate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to evaluate pyruvate metabolism in the human spleen, with the aim of identifying potential candidates for radiotherapy in cervical cancer. Methods This prospective study recruited six female patients with cervical cancer (median age 55 years; range 39–60) evaluated using HP [1- 13 C]-pyruvate MRI/MRS at baseline and 2 weeks after radiotherapy. Proton ( 1 H) diffusion-weighted MRI was performed in parallel to estimate splenic cellularity. The primary outcome was defined as tumor response to radiotherapy. The Student t -test was used for comparing 13 C data between the groups. Results The splenic HP [1- 13 C]-lactate-to-total carbon (tC) ratio was 5.6-fold lower in the responders than in the non-responders at baseline ( p = 0.009). The splenic [1- 13 C]-lactate-to-tC ratio revealed a 1.7-fold increase ( p = 0.415) and the splenic [1- 13 C]-alanine-to-tC ratio revealed a 1.8-fold increase after radiotherapy ( p = 0.482). The blood leukocyte differential count revealed an increased proportion of neutrophils two weeks following treatment, indicating enhanced immune activity ( p = 0.013). The splenic apparent diffusion coefficient values between the groups were not significantly different. Conclusions This exploratory study revealed the feasibility of HP [1- 13 C]-pyruvate MRS of the spleen for evaluating baseline immune potential, which was associated with clinical outcomes of cervical cancer after radiotherapy. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04951921 , registered 7 July 2021. Relevance statement This prospective study revealed the feasibility of using HP 13 C MRI/MRS for assessing pyruvate metabolism of the spleen to evaluate the patients’ immune potential that is associated with radiotherapeutic clinical outcomes in cervical cancer. Key points • Effective radiotherapy induces abscopal effect via altering immune metabolism. • Hyperpolarized 13 C MRS evaluates patients’ immune potential non-invasively. • Pyruvate-to-lactate conversion in the spleen is elevated following radiotherapy. Graphical Abstract
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".