Remote exercise classes are associated with better quality of life in people with Parkinson’s during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background The classical hallmarks of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) include motor and non-motor symptoms. People with Parkinson’s (PwP) report that the non-motor symptoms, such as memory problems, anxiety, depression and sleep disturbances, have a greater impact on their overall quality of life (QOL). Factors that improve wellbeing for PwP may also lead to improved QOL for their carers. The benefits of exercise in slowing disease decline and improving overall QOL in PwP have been well documented, but online exercise methods have not been extensively studied. Methods Our observational cross-sectional study recruited n=91 PwP and n=23 individuals acting as caregivers, during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used online surveys with validated clinical questionnaires, including the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), to assess the impact of different remote online exercise classes on PD symptoms. We also assessed the wellbeing of the PwP’s caregivers using the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire - Carer (PDQ-C) at the same time. Results PwP who exercised daily had better QOL scores (45.67 ± 4.34) compared to PwP who exercised once a week or less (123.50 ± 14.56; p<0.001). Those who undertook daily exercise also had lower depression scores (9.37 ± 1.68) than those who exercised less frequently (23.50 ± 3.65; p=0.002). We also found that people who maintained their exercise regimes during the restrictive lockdown period had better QOL scores, ie. lower PDQ-39 scores, (44.64 ± 5.57) compared to those who decreased their frequency of exercise (76.81 ± 7.75; p=0.001). When we assessed caregivers at this timepoint, we found that these individuals had QOL scores within the normal range. Conclusion Remote exercise classes were associated with lower depression scores and better QOL in PwP. PwP who partook in remote classes during lockdowns maintained physical activity and this had positive impacts on their wellbeing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".