Dielectric and hydrogen bonding studies of butyronitrile with 1,4-dioxane using a time-domain reflectometry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using time-domain reflectometry (TDR), the complex permittivity of binary mixture of butyronitrile (BTN) and 1,4-dioxane (1,4-DX) at various temperatures and solvent proportions was determined over the frequency range of 10 MHz to 30 GHz. The complex permittivity spectra (CPS) have been fitted to the Havrilik–Negami equation. The relaxation time (τ) and static dielectric constant (ε 0 ) have been calculated for each concentration using the least squares fit method. The nonlinear behavior of dielectric parameters suggests a change in the molecular size and intermolecular bonding of BTN–1,4-DX mixtures. Theoretical static dielectric constants (ε 0 ) have been determined using hydrogen bonded model suggested by Luzar for all solvent proportions and compared with experimental values obtained from TDR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".