Characteristics, risk factors and disease course of musculoskeletal manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective longitudinal cohort study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Musculoskeletal manifestations occur in half of the patients with Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and contribute to a reduced quality of life (QoL) and increased work disability. We aimed to evaluate the natural disease course, characteristics, and risk factors of musculoskeletal manifestations in patients with IBD. Methods We performed a prospective longitudinal cohort study in patients with IBD with and without musculoskeletal manifestations with a one year follow-up. Primary outcome was the proportion of patients with resolution of musculoskeletal manifestations. Secondary outcomes included: the proportion of patients with IBD that developed new musculoskeletal manifestations during follow-up; the correlation between IBD activity, baseline characteristics, and musculoskeletal disease course; and the difference in QoL between patients with and without musculoskeletal manifestations. Results In total, 243 patients with IBD were included (124 with and 119 without musculoskeletal manifestations). In the majority of patients (62.2%), musculoskeletal manifestations were of non-inflammatory nature. Overall, peripheral and axial manifestations were persistent in 85.7% and 44.6% at 1 year, respectively. The QoL at baseline and at 1 year was lower in the group with musculoskeletal manifestations compared to patients without these manifestations. Female gender and age above 40 were associated with the presence of musculoskeletal manifestations. Conclusion Musculoskeletal manifestations in patients with IBD are mostly non-inflammatory disorders, persist at 1 year of follow-up and occur more frequently in patients of age above 40 and female gender. Overall, patients with musculoskeletal manifestations have lower QoL compared to patients without musculoskeletal manifestations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".