Impact of NaCl on physicochemical properties, microbial community, and pathogen surveillance in the Chinese traditional fermented broad bean (Vicia faba L.) paste
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Doubanjiang (DBJ), a mixed fermented broad bean (Vicia faba L.) and red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) condiment used worldwide, is known for its high-salt content (∼20g/100g). Industry demands sodium reduction in DBJs. In this study, we investigated the physicochemical properties, microbial community changes, and pathogen surveillance in DBJ samples with varying salt contents (10g/100g, 15g/100g, 20g/100g and 25g/100g). Our findings revealed that these samples could be categorized into two groups: low-salt (10g/100g) and high-salt samples (15-25g/100g). In low-salt samples, Lactobacillus emerged as the predominant bacteria, exhibiting higher antioxidant activity. The most concentrated organic acids were γ-aminobutyric acid and lactic acid. Conversely, Staphylococcus dominated the bacteria composition in high-salt samples. Human pathogenicity such as Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were discovered in both low- and high-salt samples. Higher abundance of antimicrobial resistances was observed in high-salt samples while slightly increased biogenic amine content in low-salt samples. This knowledge provides insights into impact of NaCl on fermented broad bean (Vicia faba L.) paste.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".