Prevalence of Aortic Root Pathologies in Platypnea-Orthodeoxia Syndrome Secondary to Intra-Cardiac Shunts
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Atrial septal defects can allow right to left shunting of venous blood which presents clinically as platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome. It is believed that concomitant presence of aortic root pathologies increases the likelihood of shunting. Methods: The study included a review of 510 articles listed in PubMed of patients with platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome. Case reports of patients with extra-cardiac etiologies of platypnea-orthodeoxia were excluded. Results: We reviewed 191 case reports, and 98 cases (51.3%) had evidence of concomitant aortic root pathology. Furthermore, of the remaining 93 case reports, 69 ones excluded any mention of the nature of the aortic root altogether, further suggesting that this is an underreported number. Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of aortic root pathologies in patients with platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome secondary to intra-cardiac shunts. In patients with unexplained hypoxemia and incidental finding of aortic root pathology, it may be worthwhile to obtain postural oxygen saturation measurements to exclude intra-cardiac shunts as the potential cause.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".