Sex and Cognitive Status Independently Affect Hippocampal and Cortical Lobar Cerebral Blood Flow in Nondemented Older Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Separate literatures have shown that cerebral blood flow decreases across the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum and is lower in males relative to females, at least within cortical gray matter. However, no known studies have tested for an interaction between the effects of cognitive status and sex on cerebral blood flow, as may be expected if blood flow contributes to the greater risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) for females. Moreover, sex differences in cerebral blood flow have not been examined in the hippocampus, which is known to be affect in MCI and Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, the current study examined effects of cognitive status, sex, and their interaction on cerebral blood flow in the cortical lobes and hippocampus in 111 cognitively unimpaired older adults (CU) and 49 older adults diagnosed with MCI from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI3) with T1-weighted and perfusion- weighted magnetic resonance imaging data. As expected, cerebral blood flow across all cortical lobes was significantly lower in MCI relative to CU older adults and in males relative to females. In contrast, cerebral blood flow in the hippocampus was significantly lower in females relative to males and there was no effect of cognitive status. There were also no significant interactions between cognitive status and sex in any region of interest. Taken together, these findings indicate that effects of sex on cerebral blood flow are region specific and independent of cognitive status in non-demented older adults.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".