Integrating OFDM Into Switching Power Supplies for Visible Light Communications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Visible light communications (VLC) is a promising technology that combines the ubiquity of illumination devices with broadband communication to provide connectivity. The most recent VLC communication standards specify orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) as the underlying modulation due to its spectral efficiency and compatibility with existing broadband modems. However, a key challenge remains in realizing VLC modulators capable of generating OFDM signal compatible with the primary illumination function, while ensuring the efficacy of the luminaires. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to integrate OFDM modulation into a switching power supply. Commutating diodes in the DC/DC converter are replaced by light-emitting diodes (LEDs) which are used for communication while the larger illumination string of LEDs is left unmodulated preserving the quality of illumination and luminaire lifetime. Biasing the switching MOSFET to its saturation region during its off states allows for the MOSFET to act as an amplifier, amplifying the OFDM communication signal and injecting it to the light-emitting commutating diode (LECD). As a result, energy efficient LED drivers capable of OFDM signal transmission are realized. Both simulation and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, showcasing superior performance compared to existing literature in terms of component count, efficacy, illumination quality, and reliability. Notably, based on simulation results, the efficacy of our approach surpasses the bias-T approach by approximately 6.25%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".