Clinical, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of ESBL-producing Salmonella enterica bloodstream infections from Qatar
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Resistant Salmonella infections is a major global public health challenge particularly for multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates manifesting as bloodstream infections (BSIs). To evaluate clinical, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of ESBL producing Salmonella enterica bloodstream infections from Qatar. Phenotypic ESBL Salmonella enterica collected from adults’ patients presenting with positive BSIs were collected between January 2019-May 2020. Microbiological identification and characterization were performed using standard methods while genetic characteristics were examined through whole genome sequencing studies. Out of 151 episodes of Salmonella enterica BSI, 15 (10%) phenotypic ESBL isolates were collected. Recent travel was recorded in most cases (80%) with recent exposure to antimicrobials (27%). High level resistance to quinolines, aminoglycosides and cephalosporins was recorded (80-100 %) while meropenem, tigecycline and colistin demonstrated universal susceptibility. Genomic evaluation demonstrated dominance of serotype ST1 (93 %) while antimicrobial resistance genes revealed dominance of aminoglycoside resistance (100 %), qnrS1 quinolones resistance (80%), blaCTX-M-15 ESBLs (86.7 %), and paucity of AmpC resistance genes (6.7%). Invasive MDR Salmonella enterica is mainly imported, connected to patients from high prevalent regions with recent travel and antimicrobials use caused by specific resistant clones. In suspected cases of multidrug resistance, carbapenems therapy is recommended.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".