0952 Subjective Sleep Improvements Following Daily Theta-burst Stimulation for Treatment-resistant Depression
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Introduction Sleep disturbances are commonly observed in individuals with depression, and are associated with severity of depression, treatment outcomes, and risk of relapse. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, including newer optimized theta-burst stimulation (TBS) protocols, is recognized as a safe and effective intervention for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Presently, little is known about the impact of TBS treatments on sleep in individuals with depression. We examined changes in subjective sleep and depression in individuals with TRD receiving daily TBS treatments, and the relationship between changes in these symptom domains. Methods 50 participants (50% female, mean age 46.82 years) with TRD received four or six weeks of daily TBS treatments targeting the left or bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex while participating in a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Sleep disturbances and depression severity were measured at baseline, session 20 and session 30 using the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire and 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD-17), respectively. Linear mixed models examined whether scores changed significantly throughout treatment. Spearman’s correlations investigated whether changes in depression and sleep were associated. Results HRSD-17 scores improved significantly from baseline to weeks 4 and 6 (p< 0.001). We also observed significant improvements in quality of sleep (QOS), ease of awakening from sleep (AFS), and behaviour following wakefulness (BFW) after 4 and 6 weeks of TBS (p< 0.001). After 4 weeks of TBS, improvements in HRSD-17 significantly correlated with BFW scores (p= 0.008). After 6 weeks of TBS, improvements in HRSD-17 scores significantly correlated with improvements in both AFS and BFW scores (p< 0.005). Conclusion Participants reported improvements in depression, sleep quality, ease of waking, and daytime alertness following TBS. Furthermore, improvements in several aspects of sleep and depression were correlated. These findings suggest that TBS may be an effective intervention for individuals experiencing comorbid depression and sleep disturbances. This also strengthens the view that sleep enhancement may contribute to better mental health outcomes. Support (if any) Support was provided by the Royal’s Institute of Mental Health Research’s Emerging Research Innovators in Mental Health award, the Fonds de Recherche en Santé – Québec Research Scholar Junior 1 grant (grant number 297133), and an anonymous donation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".