Nausea and Gastric Myoelectrical Activity are Influenced by Hormonal Contraception in Chronic Gastroduodenal Disorders
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Background Chronic gastroduodenal disorders such as chronic nausea and vomiting syndrome (CNVS), functional dyspepsia (FD) and gastroparesis, are more prevalent among young women, many of whom are hormonal contraception users. We aimed to evaluate the effects of hormonal contraception on symptom severity and gastric myoelectrical activity in people with chronic gastroduodenal disorders. Methods This analysis was conducted on a large international cohort of patients who met Rome IV criteria for CNVS or FD and had undergone body surface gastric mapping using Gastric Alimetry (Alimetry, New Zealand). Symptoms were continuously reported on 0-10 Likert scales using a validated symptom logging app. Results 127 people were included: 43 females using hormonal contraception, 30 premenopausal females not using hormonal contraception, 30 postmenopausal females, and 24 males. Premenopausal females who used hormonal contraception had higher nausea scores than non-users (3.80 [IQR 2.00-5.42] vs 2.25 [0.20-4.43]; p<0.05), particularly when using the combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) with hormone-free intervals compared to continuous use (5.20 [4.30-6.00] vs. 2.40 [1.70-3.80], p=0.02). Premenopausal women were more symptomatic than postmenopausal women and men (p<0.001). The Principal Gastric Frequency was higher in hormonal contraception users (median 3.1 cpm [IQR 3.00-3.30] vs. 3.00 cpm [2.90-3.10], p<0.001), and highest in users of progestogen-only formulations (p<0.02). Conclusion Women with gastrointestinal disorders on hormonal contraception experience increased nausea in comparison to non-users of hormonal contraception, with substantial variation in nausea severity dependent on contraceptive type. Hormonal contraception users also demonstrated modified gastric electrophysiology. Women with chronic gastroduodenal symptoms should be asked about their use of hormonal contraception and non-hormonal contraceptive alternatives trialled as a means to reduce symptoms.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".