Comparison of intra-ovarian metabolic environment between women with or without PCOS undergoing in vitro fertilization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Context: Evidence suggest that lipotoxicity can cause hyperandrogenesis, the main feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but little is known about the intra-ovarian environment of women with PCOS and whether it displays features associated with lipotoxicity. Here we present a secondary analysis of data collected in a cross-sectional study aimed at evaluating the associations between follicular fluid androgen levels and markers of dysmetabolism in women seeking in vitro fertilization. Objective: To compare follicular fluid concentrations of testosterone, markers of lipid, lipid metabolism and inflammation between women with PCOS and without PCOS. Design: Controlled cross-sectional study. Setting: A private fertility clinic and one academic centre. Patients: Eighty (80) participants were recruited during one of their scheduled visits for an in vitro fertilization procedure. Medical records were used to determine PCOS diagnosis: 13 women were identified as having PCOS, while 58 had a negative diagnosis of PCOS, and 9 had an uncertain diagnostic. Patients were eligible if they were between 18 and 40 years old with a body mass index raging between 18 and 40 kg/m2. Exposure(s): Participants were defined as affected by PCOS or not. Main Outcome Measure(s): Follicular fluid retrieved at the time of oocyte aspiration was analysed for total testosterone, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides, NEFA metabolites (acylcarnitines and C16/C13 ratio as a marker of ineffective NEFA beta-oxidation) and inflammatory cytokines. Results: When compared to women without PCOS, women with PCOS had increased follicular fluid levels of testosterone (by definition; 12.9 nM vs 0.29 nM; P<0.001), NEFA (0.27 nM vs 0.24 nM; P=0.051), triglycerides (0.30 nM vs 0.16 nM; P<0.001), acylcarnitines C16/C3 ratio (34.9 % vs 25.8 %; P=0.013), IL-6 (13.0 pg/mL vs 8.6 pg/mL; P=0.02), while TNF-α remained similar (2.22 pg/mL vs 2.11 pg/mL; P=0.78). These differences remained statistically different after adjustment for BMI, except for IL-6. These group differences were also confirmed in paired analyses of 13 BMI-matched pairs of PCOS vs non-PCOS women, except for C16/C3 ratio and IL-6. Conclusion: These results suggest a role for intra-ovarian inflammation, but more importantly, lipid overexposure and ineffective lipid oxidation, in the pathogenesis of PCOS, probably through lipotoxic effects.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".