The impact of urolithiasis on urology services in a high-prevalence region: A multicenter study
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To assess the effect of upper urinary tract (UUT) urolithiasis on urology services in a region with a high prevalence of the condition, and analyze the trends in endourological procedures for treating UUT urolithiasis in 11 hospitals over the last 6 years and the cost of treatments. Using the hospital surgery statistics database, data were gathered from the urology departments of 11 hospitals. The analysis focused on the trends, distribution, and annual cost of endourological procedures for UUT urolithiasis from 2017 to 2022. Out of the total surgeries performed (54 714), over half (equivalent to 31 039, 56.7%) were related to UUT urolithiasis. Extracorporeal wave lithotripsy (ESWL) was the most performed procedure among stone-related procedures, accounting for 37.9% of all procedures. Double-J (DJ) stent insertion, flexible ureteroscopy (URS), semi-rigid URS, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and pyelo- and uretero-lithotomy accounted for 25.0%, 19.2%, 13.8%, 3.8%, and 0.3%, respectively. Notably, the number of stone-related UUT procedures in 2022 increased by 34.5% (from 4671 to 6283) compared to 2017. Between 2017 and 2022, there was a statistically significant increase in the rate of all stone-related UUT procedures (p<0.05), except for ESWL and pyelo- and uretero-lithotomy. The rates of ESWL procedures reduced from 20.9% in 2017 to 13% in 2022 (p<0.001). Overall, the cost of treatments has been estimated to be about 192.1 million SAR with an increase by 106% (47.7 million SAR in 2022 vs. 23 million SAR in 2017). Our research findings suggest that urolithiasis poses a significant burden, accounting for over half of all urological surgeries performed there. Furthermore, there has been a 34.5% rise in stone-related UUT procedures over the past 6 years. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy, flexible, and semi-rigid URS have experienced significant upticks in usage. Furthermore, in 2022 the cost of urolithiasis treatments has been almost doubled compared to 2017.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it