Bibliographic record
Abstract
Producers (caPP) had projected that oil production would grow from 2.5 million barrels per day in 2005 to 4.6 million by 2015. 2 By 2020, they anticipated production would almost double, reaching 4.9 million barrels per day.The vast majority of this projected expansion was to come from bitumen in Alberta's Athabasca tar sands, which represented 45 percent of Canadian oil production in 2005.caPP anticipated tar sands production would grow by over 80 percent by 2020.In London, Harper described the Athabasca tar sands, the third largest recoverable hydrocarbon reserve in the world, as "an ocean of oil-soaked sand" that "lies under the muskeg of northern Alberta."Exploiting this reserve would be "a monumental challenge" and an "enterprise of epic proportions."Exploiting this reserve, he stated, would require developing these reserves required the transportation infrastructure to link production to global markets.4 And building pipelines has provoked resistance from Indigenous peoples along the Canadian West Coast who have never signed treaties or ceded title to their lands.In June 2008, less than two years after Harper's speech, Indigenous peoples from across Western Canada assembled for international gathering signalled his commitment to continuing Canada's colonial relationships to Indigenous peoples, the convergence of Indigenous nations in Witset presented its counterpoint: an enduring decolonial commitment to defending the land.Indigenous Legalities, Pipeline Viscosities examines how Wet'suwet'en territorial claims intersected with the development agendas of the Canadian state and the energy transportation company Enbridge in laws.However, it has also involved various connections and concatenations across legal orders.Wet'suwet'en authorities have adopted a variety of strategies to ensure their survival as a people and their ongoing access to means of maintaining livelihoods.Thus, beyond any specific industrial development proposal, it is arship that would develop on the contested frontier politics of settler colonialism.In the decades that followed Berger's report, scholars such as Patricia Limerick, Jean Barman, Elizabeth Furniss, Adele Perry, and Penelope Edmonds reconceptualized the frontier as an interactional space constituted through encounters between Indigenous peoples and settlers.13 The original
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.336 | 0.202 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".