Dual CRALBP isoforms unveiled: iPSC-derived retinal modelling and AAV2/5-RLBP1 gene transfer raise considerations for effective therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorders characterised by progressive vision loss. Over 270 causative genes have been identified and variants within the same gene can give rise to clinically distinct disorders. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have revolutionised disease modelling, by allowing pathophysiological and therapeutic studies in the patient and tissue context. The IRD gene RLBP1 encodes CRALBP, an actor of the rod and cone visual cycles in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Müller cells, respectively. Variants in RLBP1 lead to three clinical subtypes: Bothnia dystrophy, Retinitis punctata albescens and Newfoundland rod-cone dystrophy. We modelled RLBP1 -IRD subtypes by patient-specific iPSC-derived RPE and identified pertinent therapeutic read-outs. We developed an AAV2/5-mediated gene replacement strategy and provided a proof-of-concept in the ex vivo human models that was validated in an in vivo Rlbp1 −/− murine model. Most importantly, we identified a previously unsuspected smaller CRALBP isoform that is naturally and differentially expressed in both human and murine retina. The new isoform arises from an alternative methionine initiation site and plays a role in the visual cycle. This work provides novel insights into CRALBP expression and RLBP1 -associated pathophysiology and raises important considerations for successful gene supplementation therapy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".