Computed tomographic investigation of a hatchling skull reveals ontogenetic changes in the dentition and occlusal surface morphology of Hadrosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithischia)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
CMN 8917 is a small, partial skull of a duck-billed dinosaur from the upper Campanian DinosaurPark Formation in what is now Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta. It represents one of the few nestling-sized juvenile hadrosaurines known to date. Support for this phylogenetic placement includes a narial vestibule not enclosed within the premaxillary dorsal and lateral processes, the presence of an anterodorsal maxillary process, and a maxillary dorsal process that is longer anteroposteriorly than dorsoventrally. The skull also possesses tooth traits traditionally associated with lambeosaurines, such as secondary ridges on some maxillary and dentary tooth crowns, and denticulation on some maxillary tooth crowns. The occurrence of these features in a juvenile hadrosaurine suggests that they were modified during ontogeny, calling into question their taxonomic utility for identifying juvenile specimens. The dentary teeth of CMN 8917 are similar to those of many adult hadrosaurids in that they possess a concave occlusal surface with steeper lingual and shallower buccal wear zones. This differs from the occlusal surface morphology present in some other juvenile hadrosaurids, which suggests interspecific differences in dental battery development—possibly reflective of dietary differences—occurred during early ontogeny in some taxa.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".