A Basic Guide to the Propagation and Manipulation of the Clubroot Pathogen, <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Clubroot caused by the obligate parasite Plasmodiophora brassicae is a devastating disease affecting the canola industry worldwide. The socio-economic impact of clubroot can be significant, particularly in regions where Brassica crops are a major agricultural commodity. The disease can cause significant crop losses, leading to reduced yield and income for farmers. Extensive studies have been conducted to understand the biology and genetics of the pathogens and develop more effective management strategies. However, the basic procedures used for pathogen storage and virulence analysis have not been assembled or discussed in detail. As a result, there are discrepancies among the different protocols used today. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive and easily accessible resource for researchers who are interested in replicating or building upon the methods used in the study of the clubroot pathogen. Here, we discuss in detail the methods used for P. brassicae spore isolation, inoculation, quantification, propagation, and molecular techniques such as DNA extraction and PCR. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Extraction of Plasmodiophora brassicae resting spores and propagation Support Protocol 1: Evans blue staining to identify resting spore viability Support Protocol 2: Storage of Plasmodiophora brassicae Basic Protocol 2: Generation of single spore isolates from P. brassicae field isolates Basic Protocol 3: Phenotyping of Plasmodiophora brassicae isolates Basic Protocol 4: Genomic DNA extraction from Plasmodiophora brassicae resting spores Basic Protocol 5: Molecular detection of Plasmodiophora brassicae.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.076 | 0.108 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".