Trans-Atlantic genomic differentiation and parallel environmental and allelic variation in Lumpfish (<i>Cyclopterus lumpus</i>)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract In marine species with large populations and high dispersal potential, large-scale genetic differences and clinal trends in allele frequency can provide insight into the evolutionary processes that shape diversity. Lumpfish, Cyclopterus lumpus, is found throughout the North Atlantic and has traditionally been harvested for roe and more recently used as a cleaner fish in salmon aquaculture. We used a 70 K SNP array to evaluate trans-Atlantic differentiation, genetic structuring, and clinal variation across the North Atlantic. Basin-scale structuring between the Northeast and Northwest Atlantic was significant, with enrichment for loci associated with developmental/mitochondrial function. We identified a putative structural variant on chromosome 2, likely contributing to differentiation between Northeast and Northwest Atlantic Lumpfish, and consistent with post-glacial trans-Atlantic secondary contact. Redundancy analysis identified climate associations both in the Northeast (N = 1269 loci) and Northwest (N = 1637 loci), with 103 shared loci between them. Clinal patterns in allele frequencies were observed in some loci (15%—Northwest and 5%—Northeast) of which 708 loci were shared and involved with growth, developmental processes, and locomotion. The combined evidence of trans-Atlantic differentiation, environmental associations, and clinal loci, suggests that both regional and large-scale potentially-adaptive population structuring is present across the North Atlantic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".