The utility of freshwater dinoflagellate cyst assemblages as a paleoecological proxy: An assessment from boreal lakes (northwest Ontario, Canada)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aquatic palynomorphs have the potential to provide valuable insights into past environments but little has been done to assess the utility of freshwater dinoflagellate cysts as palaeoecological proxies of lacustrine environments . This study is the first to compare the distribution of freshwater dinoflagellate cysts found in surface sediments from 32 boreal lakes with varying physical and chemical characteristics. Cysts of Fusiperidinium wisconsinense , Parvodinium umbonatum , and Peridinium willei were nearly ubiquitous, but of the remaining cyst taxa, only Parvodinium inconspicuum , Peridinium limbatum , and Peridinium volzii were abundant but present in a smaller number of lakes. Assemblage composition broadly clustered into three groups: 1) an assemblage (primarily Peridinium spp.) associated with relatively shallow, mesotrophic lakes; 2) an assemblage dominated by F. wisconsinense in mesotrophic lakes with intermediate depth and relatively high pH and alkalinity; and 3) an assemblage dominated by P. umbonatum in deeper oligotrophic lakes. Moreover, changes in dinoflagellate cyst assemblage were assessed in a sediment core spanning the Holocene from nearby Gall Lake and interpreted alongside other previously published paleoecological proxies from this core. High abundances of many dinoflagellate cysts including P. limbatum , P. willei , F. wisconsinense , and P. inconspicuum were observed when lake production was high at a time when lake-levels were low and climate was more arid than today. This study suggests that dinoflagellate cysts in lacustrine sediments are, when abundant, promising both in modern and core samples, and the relationships between assemblages today and in the past can contribution additional information in understanding past ecological conditions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".