177 Modulation of fecal microbiome by phytogenics, a postbiotic, and mix of organic acids with essential oils in weaned pigs subjected to F18 <i>Escherichia coli</i> challenge
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This study evaluated the effects of bioactive feed ingredients on fecal microbiome of weaned pigs subjected to F18 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) challenge. Two blocks of weaned pigs [n = 72; Yorkshire/Landrace/Duroc; initial body weight (BW) = 6.62 ± 1.37 kg] were balanced by gender and litter and randomly allocated to one of the six treatments with 12 pens/block and 6 pigs/pen. Treatments included: 1) basal diet (NC), 2) NC + 0.1% phytogenic (Fresta Protect, Delacon, Austria; PFP), 3) NC + 0.2% postbiotic (Dia-V Nursery, Diamond V, IA; PB), 4) NC + 0.2% new phytogenic prototype (Delacon, Austria; NPP), 5) NC + 0.2% organic acid and essential oil blend (OA+EO), and 6) NC + 0.1% phytogenic (Fresta Protect) + 0.2% postbiotic (Dia-V Nursery; PFP+PB). The trial lasted 15 d, with a 7-d pre-challenge and 8-d post-challenge periods. Pigs were orally inoculated with 5 x 1010 CFU/mL of F18 ETEC (O147:H2, LT:STb:STa:Stx2:F18) on d 8 and 9 of study after 5-h fasting. Fecal swabs were collected before challenge (d 8) and 3- and 8-d post-challenge (d 10 and 15 of study) and subjected to shotgun metagenomics. Diarrhea score and E. coli shedding (CFU/mL) were monitored daily and analyzed using a multi-level mixed effect ordinal logistic regression with block and pen as random effects. Microbiome data were center-log-ratio transformed and analyzed for diversity, abundance, and interaction networks. At 3-d post-challenge, the OA+EO, PFP+PB and NPP supplemented pigs had reduced (P < 0.001) E. coli shedding compared with NC. Diarrhea score tended to be less (P = 0.054) in PFP+PB fed pigs 5-d post-challenge and was less (P = 0.02) in PFP+PB, OA+EO, and NPP 6-d post-challenge than NC. Alpha-diversity declined (P < 0.01) 3-d post-challenge with most reduction in PFP and OA+EO but recovered 8-d post-challenge except for PFP and OA+EO (P < 0.01). At the baseline and 8-d post-challenge, the largest number of differentially abundant taxa (P < 0.05) were observed in PFP+PB compared with NC. The PFP+PB reduced the abundances of Escherichia.sp000208585 and Campylobacter.P585 which were negatively correlated (P < 0.01) with average daily gain (ADG) and BW, and positively correlated (P < 0.01) with diarrhea score and E. coli shedding. The PFP+PB increased beneficial species including Prevotella.sp900543585, Mitsuokella jalaludinii, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii with the first two positively correlated (P < 0.01) with ADG and BW, and negatively correlated (P < 0.01) with diarrhea score and E. coli shedding. By d-8 post-challenge, PFP+PB microbial network had the highest degree of negative connections suggestive of a more competitive microbial ecosystem against opportunistic microorganisms compared with NC. In conclusion, co-supplementation of Fresta Protect phytogenic and postbiotic promoted a microbiome with greater beneficial and reduced detrimental bacteria resulting in low diarrhea score post-challenge.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".