Association between Ascaris lumbricoides infection and undernutrition in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Ascariasis is the most common soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infection in children, with prevalence ranging from 6 to 60%, especially in an endemic region in Indonesia such as East Nusa Tenggara, Sumatera, and other remote areas. Ascariasis effects toward undernutrition were still unclear because there were differences between studies. This study aimed to investigate the association between Ascariasis and undernutrition in children. Methods: Six authors reviewed and analyzed eligible studies from PubMed and MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ProQuest, EBSCO-Host, and Springer Link, using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses) guidelines with Reference manager was used, and the data analyzed using Revman 5.4. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale adapted for cross-sectional studies was used to examine the publication bias. Results: This review included 15 studies and 12 studies used for meta-analyses. Pooled data indicates that Ascariasis is significantly associated with stunting (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.31;3.77, p = 0.003) and underweight (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.01;1.60, p = 0.04), meanwhile not significantly associated with wasted (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.87;1.40, p = 0.40) of children aged 0-19 years. Conclusion: Ascariasis increases the risk of stunting and underweight among other parameters of undernutrition. Therefore, early screening, diagnosis, and intervention must be taken to prevent stunting and underweight in children.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.027 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.020 | 0.039 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".