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VenueJournal of Instrumentation · 2024
Typepreprint
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicParticle Detector Development and Performance
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersCHIST-ERASLAC National Accelerator LaboratoryBrookhaven National LaboratoryEuropean Social FundHigh Energy PhysicsJapan Society for the Promotion of ScienceScience and Technology Facilities CouncilNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaHorizon 2020 Framework ProgrammeUniversity of California, IrvineCollege of Engineering, Michigan State UniversityInstitut de Física d'Altes EnergiesAgencia Nacional de Investigación y DesarrolloNational Technical University of AthensShanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and CosmologyTechnische Universität DortmundNarodowa Agencja Wymiany AkademickiejNational University of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaUniversidade do MinhoGaziantep ÜniversitesiNanjing UniversityUniversity of South AfricaUniversity of the PhilippinesState Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and ElectronicsUniversidade Federal de Juiz de ForaUniversitatea din BucureștiUniversidad de TarapacáUniversity of Cape TownUniversidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroUniversité Cadi AyyadUniversity of TsukubaNuclear PhysicsAristotle University of ThessalonikiUniversidad de GranadaUniverza v LjubljaniCentre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et TechniqueTechnion-Israel Institute of TechnologyUnited Arab Emirates UniversityPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileUniversità di BolognaInstitut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des ParticulesUniversidade de LisboaUniversidade de CoimbraLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenUniversidade de São PauloRoyal Holloway, University of LondonUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroUniversitetet i OsloNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensUniversidad de Buenos AiresCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueUniversità degli Studi di PaviaZhengzhou UniversityMinisterstwo Edukacji i NaukiUniversitatea Transilvania din BrasovTRIUMFJavna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RSSimon Fraser UniversityMax-Planck-GesellschaftEuropean CommissionKnut och Alice Wallenbergs StiftelseGeorg-August-Universität GöttingenLunds UniversitetSun Yat-sen UniversityFundação para a Ciência e a TecnologiaRadboud UniversiteitVetenskapsrådetDanmarks GrundforskningsfondAbdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical PhysicsConsejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasSapienza Università di RomaUniversität InnsbruckAgence Nationale de la RechercheUniversité de FribourgUniversiteit van AmsterdamUniversität HeidelbergDeutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftTsinghua UniversityNederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekBritish Columbia Knowledge Development FundChinese Academy of SciencesAlbert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgUniversity College LondonUniversity of ZululandRoyal SocietyUniversité de GenèveUniversity of TorontoUniversité Hassan II de CasablancaGeneralitat ValencianaH2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie ActionsMinisterio de Ciencia e InnovaciónMcGill UniversityUniverzita Karlova v PrazeGeneralitat de CatalunyaIstituto Nazionale di Fisica NucleareUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IIUniversity of AlbertaNorges ForskningsrådUniverzita Komenského v BratislaveSchweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen ForschungUniversity of GlasgowYork UniversityDivision of PhysicsTürkiye Enerji, Nükleer ve Maden Araştırma KurumuUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignLouisiana Tech UniversityUniversité Paris-SaclayUniverzita Palackého v OlomouciUniversity of JohannesburgConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoSouthern Methodist UniversityCanarieUniversität SiegenCentres de Recerca de CatalunyaUniversità di PisaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridTechnische Universität DresdenMinisterstvo Školství, Mládeže a TělovýchovyUniversité Grenoble AlpesArgonne National LaboratoryShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityMinistry of Education, IndiaCERNInstitutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Fizica si Inginerie Nucleara 'Horia Hulubei'Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College LondonAnkara UniversitesiIsrael Science FoundationNew York University Abu DhabiInstituto Superior TécnicoBrandeis UniversityBundesministerium für Bildung und ForschungInstitute of High Energy PhysicsMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and TechnologyUniversity of OregonSorbonne UniversitéKungliga Tekniska HögskolanUniversity of PittsburghUniversity of BernIowa State UniversityHarvard UniversityQueen Mary University of LondonUniversité Mohammed VI PolytechniqueStockholms UniversitetAcademia SinicaUniversidad Técnica Federico Santa MaríaUniversity of SussexUniversité Savoie Mont BlancUniversità degli Studi di TrentoUniversidad Nacional de La PlataMichigan State UniversityBaden-Württemberg StiftungFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São PauloLeverhulme TrustLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryEuropean Regional Development FundAkademie Věd České RepublikyBundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und WirtschaftSlovenská Akadémia ViedUniversità della CalabriaU.S. Department of EnergyShandong UniversityOhio State UniversityAix-Marseille UniversitéNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaNational Tsing Hua UniversityScottish Universities Physics AllianceČeské Vysoké Učení Technické v PrazeUniversity of OxfordAgencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y TecnológicaDeutsches Elektronen-SynchrotronRheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität BonnJustus Liebig Universität GießenTel Aviv UniversityUniversity of OklahomaForskningsrådet om Hälsa, Arbetsliv och VälfärdUniversité de ToulouseNorthern Illinois UniversityUniversity of WashingtonUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaOklahoma State UniversityNational Science FoundationStony Brook UniversityInstitut "Jožef Stefan"Universitetet i BergenUniversity of Texas at ArlingtonAlexander von Humboldt-StiftungAustrian Science FundHigh Energy Accelerator Research OrganizationGrantová Agentura České RepublikyUniversity of Pennsylvania
KeywordsLarge Hadron ColliderAtlas (anatomy)PhysicsBeam (structure)Interaction pointNuclear physicsMonte Carlo methodOpticsGeology
Abstract
fetched live from OpenAlexAbstract Inelastic beam-gas collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), within a few hundred metres of the ATLAS experiment, are known to give the dominant contribution to beam backgrounds. These are monitored by ATLAS with a dedicated Beam Conditions Monitor (BCM) and with the rate of fake jets in the calorimeters. These two methods are complementary since the BCM probes backgrounds just around the beam pipe while fake jets are observed at radii of up to several metres. In order to quantify the correlation between the residual gas density in the LHC beam vacuum and the experimental backgrounds recorded by ATLAS, several dedicated tests were performed during LHC Run 2. Local pressure bumps, with a gas density several orders of magnitude higher than during normal operation, were introduced at different locations. The changes of beam-related backgrounds, seen in ATLAS, are correlated with the local pressure variation. In addition the rates of beam-gas events are estimated from the pressure measurements and pressure bump profiles obtained from calculations. Using these rates, the efficiency of the ATLAS beam background monitors to detect beam-gas events is derived as a function of distance from the interaction point. These efficiencies and characteristic distributions of fake jets from the beam backgrounds are found to be in good agreement with results of beam-gas simulations performed with the Fluka Monte Carlo programme.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.377
Threshold uncertainty score0.577
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
Teacher spread0.247 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it
