Clinical impact of delayed plastic biliary stent removal because of the COVID-19 pandemic: the experience from a tertiary ERCP referral center
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background and Aims: We postulated that delayed plastic biliary stent removal observed during the pandemic would increase stent-related adverse events. We aim to report our single-center experience with adverse events arising from delayed plastic biliary stent removal. Methods: All individuals who had ERCP-guided plastic biliary stent placement in the Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Center hospital in Halifax, Nova Scotia, between December 2019 and March 2022 were included. Stent lifespan was defined as days between stent deployment and removal. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to represent the duration of stent patency. Only 10F-diameter stents were studied. Linear regression was used to analyze possible predictors of stent-related adverse events. Results: In total, 286 cases were analyzed, of which 187 had delayed stent removal. Overall, 216 stents were removed without adverse events; 21 cases required urgent reintervention for adverse events; and in 26 cases, patients died of non-stent-related causes. Twenty-one stents had fully migrated out without causing adverse events. There was no difference in overall adverse events between the nondelayed versus delayed groups (23.2% vs 21.4%; odds ratio [OR], 0.899). Stent adverse events and emergent removal were marginally increased, at an OR of 1.21 and OR of 1.18, respectively, in indications related to stone disease. Conclusions: A significant increase was not observed in stent-related adverse events in individuals with stents removed after 90 days. Plastic biliary stent longevity may be longer than previously thought. Our findings suggest that the majority of inserted plastic biliary stents remain patent up to 6 months without adverse outcomes. Larger studies are required to better characterize other predictors of biliary stent obstruction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".