Toxicity of Bt Protein on Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Fed With Corn Leaves in Paraguay
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda is the most destructive pest in corn cultivation in Paraguay with yield losses of 20 to 70%. The adoption of genetically modified crops (GMO) is a valid technique for managing this pest. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the toxicity among Bt events used locally; determining mortality and important biological parameters. The S. frugiperda population previously collected from the field was raised under laboratory conditions fed with leaves from events MIR162TM (Vip3A19), VT3ProTM (Cry1A105, Cry2Ab2, Cry3Bb), PowerCoreTM (Cry1A105, Cry1F, Cry2Ab2) and a treatment with non-maize. Bt BR106TM. The mortality of 120 larvae was evaluated for each treatment and the viability until the adult stage of those larvae that managed to survive the different treatments was observed. A high toxicity effect was verified with 100% mortality of neonatal larvae fed with the MIR162TM (Vip3A19) event; as for the other events, 86% and 61% VT3ProTM (Cry1A105, Cry2Ab2, Cry3Bb), and PowerCoreTM (Cry1A105, Cry1F, Cry2Ab2) respectively; with 13% mortality for the non-Bt control variety BR106TM. The oviposition period, viability and number of eggs laid in adults surviving the PowerCoreTM (Cry1A105, Cry1F, Cry2Ab2) and VT3ProTM (Cry1A105, Cry2Ab2, Cry3Bb) events were reduced, affecting the fecundity of the surviving insect population.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".