Egg White Photocrosslinkable Hydrogels as Versatile Bioinks for Advanced Tissue Engineering Applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Three dimensional (3D) bioprinting using photocrosslinkable hydrogels has gained considerable attention due to its versatility in various applications, including tissue engineering and drug delivery. Egg White (EW) is an organic biomaterial with excellent potential in tissue engineering. It provides abundant proteins, along with biocompatibility, bioactivity, adjustable mechanical properties, and intrinsic antiviral and antibacterial features. Here, a photocrosslinkable hydrogel derived from EW is developed through methacryloyl modification, resulting in Egg White methacryloyl (EWMA). Upon exposure to UV light, synthesized EWMA becomes crosslinked, creating hydrogels with remarkable bioactivity. These hydrogels offer adjustable mechanical and physical properties compatible with most current bioprinters. The EWMA hydrogels closely resemble the native extracellular matrix (ECM) due to cell‐binding and matrix metalloproteinase‐responsive motifs inherent in EW. In addition, EWMA promotes cell growth and proliferation in 3D cultures. It facilitates endothelialization when investigated with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), making it an attractive replacement for engineering hemocompatible vascular grafts and biomedical implants. In summary, the EWMA matrix enables the biofabrication of various living constructs. This breakthrough enhances the development of physiologically relevant 3D in vitro models and opens many opportunities in regenerative medicine.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".