Maternal “mirror” syndrome: Evaluating the benefits of fetal therapy
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes following fetal intervention in the context of maternal "mirror" syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: A multicenter retrospective study of all cases of fetal hydrops complicated by maternal "mirror" syndrome and treated by any form of fetal therapy between 1995 and 2022. Medical records and ultrasound images of all cases were reviewed. "Mirror" syndrome was defined as fetal hydrops and/or placentomegaly associated with the maternal development of pronounced edema, with or without pre-eclampsia. Fetal hydrops was defined as the presence of abnormal fluid collections in ≥2 body cavities. RESULTS: Twenty-one pregnancies met the inclusion criteria. Causes of fetal hydrops and/or placentomegaly included fetal lung lesions (n = 9), twin-twin transfusion syndrome (n = 6), severe fetal anemia (n = 4), and others (n = 2). Mean gestational age at "mirror" presentation was 27.0 ± 3.8 weeks. Maternal "mirror" syndrome was identified following fetal therapeutic intervention in 14 cases (66.6%). "Mirror" symptoms resolved or significantly improved before delivery in 8 (38.1%) cases with a mean interval from fetal intervention to maternal recovery of 13.1 days (range 4-35). Three women needed to be delivered because of worsening "mirror" syndrome. Of the 21 pregnancies treated (27 fetuses), there were 15 (55.5%) livebirths, 7 (25.9%) neonatal deaths and 5 (18.5%) intra-uterine deaths. CONCLUSION: Following successful treatment and resolution of fetal hydrops, maternal "mirror" syndrome can improve or sometimes completely resolve before delivery. Furthermore, the recognition that "mirror" syndrome may arise only after fetal intervention necessitates hightened patient maternal surveillance in cases of fetal hydrops.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".