The Cost of the Quanta SC+ Hemodialysis System for Sustained Low-Efficiency Dialysis in the Intensive Care Unit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Over 20% of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) experience acute kidney injury requiring treatment with dialysis. There are several modalities available to provide dialysis in the ICU, including conventional hemodialysis, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and sustained low-efficiency dialysis (SLED). Recent meta-analyses have found that there is no definitive advantage of either of these modalities with respect to patient outcomes; however, they are associated with different cost and resource requirements. The SC+ Hemodialysis System is a commercially available, portable hemodialysis system that can be operated with minimal training by ICU nurses. Methods: We described the incremental costs of CRRT, regular 4-hour conventional dialysis provided by specialized hemodialysis nurses, and SLED with the SC+ Hemodialysis System in the ICU. The analysis was performed from the perspective of the US health payer with results presented in 2020 US dollars. We considered costs with respect to the dialysis console, dialysis-related supplies (cartridges, tubing, dialyzers, dialysate, bags, and saline), and nursing-related human resources modeled from a large US based hemodialysis program. Results: The cost of CRRT assumed that ICU nursing staff would provide the therapy, with consumables costs ranging between $320 and $380 per ICU-day. Dialysis provided with conventional 4-hour therapy in the HD unit ranged between $205 and $245 per day including both incremental nursing and renal technician expenses and consumables. Dialysis provided with the SC+ as 8-hour SLED treatments was estimated to cost between $59 and $85 for consumables and operated by the ICU nursing staff. Conclusions: SLED treatment with the Quanta SC+ operated by ICU nurses offers significant cost advantages over CRRT and conventional HD treatments with no demonstrable disadvantage to patient outcomes. Funding: Commercial Support - Quanta Dialysis Technologies
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".