IgA Nephropathy in a Patient with Beta-Thalassemia Minor: A Case Report
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most prevalent type of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. There are few reports on IgAN development in thalassemia, especially among beta-thalassemia trait (minor) carriers. Case Description: A 52-year-old male Mexican patient was evaluated for hypertension, hematuria, proteinuria, and rising serum creatinine levels. His history included an ischemic cerebrovascular accident and beta-thalassemia minor (trait). He was treated initially, by another provider, with hydrochlorothiazide/irbesartan and carvedilol for hypertensive nephropathy. Despite treatment, he continued with rising creatinine levels. Then, he was switched to irbesartan only. During this period, the patient developed metabolic acidosis treated with NaHCO3. When referred to our care, we began our approach by completing biochemical and immunodiagnostics assessments (IF), ultrasound imaging (USG), and pathology for glomerulonephritis. On biopsy, we observed IgA nephropathy with advanced nodular glomerulosclerosis and grade II interstitial fibrosis. On IF, IgA, C3, lambda, and kappa chains (mild) were positive. IgG, IgM, C1q were negative. On USG, we documented renal replacement lipomatosis. The patient had microcytic hypochromic anemia, but GBM, C3, C4, ANA antibodies were negative. We managed successfully with irbesartan, amlodipine, NaHCO3 then furosemide. Discussion: To our knowledge, there are only three additional cases of IgA nephropathy among beta-thalassemia minor. All, including ours, shared as chief complaint rising serum creatinine, hypertension, and persistent microscopic hematuria. However, one report noted bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and prior psychosis under treatment, which may be a syndromic disease presentation. A common feature also is negative antinuclear, anti-DNA, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic, anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody, HBV, HIV, serum complements antibodies. Significantly, at the time of biopsy, all cases had fibrosis in various degrees ranging from partial to global sclerosis with fibrous crescents. Notably, prior cases occurred in Asian ethnicities, were IgAN is prevalent; our case is the first Hispanic affected patient.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".