Comprehensive investigation of thermal induced reorganization of porous-germanium structures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Porous germanium (PGe) substrates have recently attracted significant attention for the development of lightweight and flexible solar cells and optoelectronic devices. A reliable approach for releasing epitaxial layers based on Germanium and reusing the substrate involves utilizing a bilayer structure of PGe. The growth of such detachable devices holds great potential for integration onto the Si platform. The used structure of PGe is made of a low-porosity layer serving as epitaxial seed on top of high-porosity one used as a weak separation layer. In this work, we investigate the impact of thermal annealing on the PGe morphology for deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in the formation of the epitaxial seed layer and the voided weak layer underneath. Indeed, thermal-induced reconstruction has been investigated at various annealing temperatures and times for PGe layers with differing porosity levels, encompassing low, high, and gradual porosity profiles. Our findings reveal the formation of a modified substrate at low annealing temperatures, resulting in a suspended membrane on top of the fragile separation layer, rendering it suitable for detachment and subsequent substrate reuse.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".