Role of Angiopoietins in Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Outcomes of Kidney Transplant Recipients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Kidney transplant recipients have 30 times the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease (CVD). We tested the role of 2 vascular biomarkers, angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 (angpt-1, -2), in the development of CVD in deceased donor kidney transplant recipients. Methods: This is an ancillary analysis of the FAVORIT study, evaluating the associations between baseline levels of angpt-1 and angpt-2 in the development of CVD and the secondary outcomes of graft failure (GF) and death in 2000 recipients. We used a Cox regression analysis to test the associations between biomarker quartiles and outcomes. Results: Median age of participants was 52 IQR [45, 59] years with 37% women and 73% identifying as white. Median time from transplantation to biomarker measurement was 3.99 IQR [1.58, 7.93] years. Median time to the development of CVD was 3.7 IQR [2.89-5.25] years. Angpt-1 was not significantly associated with outcomes. Higher levels of angpt-2 (quartile 4) as compared to quartile 1 had about 2 times the risk of CVD, GF and death [aHR 1.85 (1.25 - 2.73), P<.01; 2.24 (1.36 - 3.70), P<.01; 2.30 (1.48 - 3.58), P<.01, respectively, (Figure 1)].Figure 1.: Kaplan-Meier curve of the probability of not developing CVD stratified by Angpt-2 quartilesConclusions: Angpt-2 may identify high-risk kidney transplant recipients for the development of CVD. This may aid in tailoring follow-up after transplantation to reduce the risk of CVD. Funding: NIDDK Support The red line represents the probability of not developing CVD in patients with quartile 1 of angiopoietin-2 concentrations. Quartiles 2,3, and 4 are represented by the green, blue, and purple lines respectively. We adjusted for demographics (age, sex, race, and ethnicity); CVD related factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, history of CVD, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate); transplant-related variables (pancreas transplant, and graft vintage at randomization); medications (lipid lowering drugs, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, sirolimus, mycophenolate, azathioprine, and prednisone); and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and randomization status.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".