Enhanced recovery after fetal spina bifida surgery: global practice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols are multimodal evidence-based care plans that have been adopted for multiple surgical procedures to promote faster and better patient recovery and shorter hospitalization. This study aimed to explore whether worldwide fetal therapy centers offering prenatal myelomeningocele repair implement the ERAS principles and to provide recommendations for improved perioperative management of patients. METHODS: In this survey study, a total of 53 fetal therapy centers offering prenatal surgery for open spina bifida were identified and invited to complete a digital questionnaire covering their pre-, intra- and postoperative management. An overall score was calculated per center based on compliance with 20 key ERAS principles, extrapolated from ERAS guidelines for Cesarean section, gynecological oncology and colorectal surgery. Each item was awarded a score of 1 or 0, depending, respectively, on whether the center did or did not comply with that principle, with a maximum score of 20. RESULTS: The questionnaire was completed by 46 centers in 17 countries (response rate, 87%). In total, 22 (48%) centers performed exclusively open fetal surgery (laparotomy and hysterotomy), whereas 14 (30%) offered both open and fetoscopic procedures and 10 (22%) used only fetoscopy. The perioperative management of patients undergoing fetoscopic and open surgery was very similar. The median ERAS score was 12 (range, 8-17), with a mean ± SD of 12.5 ± 2.4. Center compliance was the highest for the use of regional anesthesia (98%), avoidance of bowel preparation (96%) and thromboprophylaxis (96%), while the lowest compliance was observed for preoperative carbohydrate loading (15%), a 2-h fasting period for clear fluids (20%), postoperative nausea and vomiting prevention (33%) and early feeding (35%). ERAS scores were similar in centers with a short (2-5 days), medium (6-10 days) and long (≥ 11 days) hospital stay (mean ± SD, 12.9 ± 2.4, 12.1 ± 2.0 and 10.3 ± 3.2, respectively, P = 0.15). Furthermore, there was no significant association between ERAS score and surgical technique or case volume. CONCLUSIONS: The perioperative management of fetal spina bifida surgery is highly variable across fetal therapy centers worldwide. Standardized protocols integrating ERAS principles may improve patient recovery, reduce maternal morbidity and shorten the hospital stay after fetal spina bifida surgery. © 2024 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".