COMMUNITY PHARMACY-BASED HYPERTENSION SCREENING: MAY MEASUREMENT MONTH 2023 IN 3 CANADIAN PROVINCES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Elevated blood pressure (BP) is the largest contributing risk factor for premature death and disability. Approximately 50% of individuals with hypertension are unaware they have the condition; therefore, BP screening is essential. Canadian health professionals have previously participated in the annual global BP screening campaign, May Measurement Month (MMM); however this has never been completed in community pharmacies, which have the advantage of being highly accessible to the public. Our objective was to examine the prevalence of elevated (BP) in Alberta (AB), British Columbia (BC), Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) during MMM 2023. Design and method: This cross-sectional study enrolled consenting members of the general public 18 years of age, recruited through signage, media and social media. Data collection took place between May 1 and July 31, 2023 in 52 community pharmacies across AB, BC, and NL. Participants completed a questionnaire that included demographic information, medical history, and use of antihypertensives. Pharmacy personnel completed 3 blood pressure readings, with readings 2 and 3 used to estimate BP. We used an automated blood pressure device recommended by Hypertension Canada's Device Recommendation Program. Elevated BP was defined as >140/90mmHg or >130/80mmHg for individuals with diabetes. Results: We enrolled 736 participants. The mean age of participants was 52 (SD 18.6) years, 66% were female, 34% had a history of hypertension, and 14% had diabetes. Overall, 21% (152/733) had elevated BP. In subgroups of interest, elevated BP was found in 20% (96/480) of females, 35% (88/251) of those with a history of hypertension (13% (64/482) in those with no history of hypertension), and 52% (53/103) in those with diabetes. Conclusions: Identifying individuals with elevated BP is the starting point for better BP management. Community pharmacy screening of BP was effective in identifying individuals with elevated BP warranting further assessment. Our experiences from MMM 2023 will guide the future scale-up of a national community pharmacy-based screening program for MMM 2024.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".