Early life microbiome influences on development of the mucosal innate immune system
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The gut microbiota is well known to possess immunomodulatory capacities, influencing a multitude of cellular signalling pathways to maintain host homeostasis. Although the formation of the immune system initiates before birth in a sterile environment, an emerging body of literature indicates that the neonatal immune system is influenced by a first wave of external stimuli that includes signals from the maternal microbiota. A second wave of stimulus begins after birth and must be tightly regulated during the neonatal period when colonization of the host occurs concomitantly with the maturation of the immune system, requiring a fine adjustment between establishing tolerance towards the commensal microbiota and preserving inflammatory responses against pathogenic invaders. Besides integrating cues from commensal microbes, the neonatal immune system must also regulate responses triggered by other environmental signals, such as dietary antigens, which become more complex with the introduction of solid food during the weaning period. This "window of opportunity" in early life is thought to be crucial for the proper development of the immune system, setting the tone of subsequent immune responses in adulthood and modulating the risk of developing chronic and metabolic inflammatory diseases. Here we review the importance of host-microbiota interactions for the development and maturation of the immune system, particularly in the early-life period, highlighting the known mechanisms involved in such communication. This discussion is focused on recent data demonstrating microbiota-mediated education of innate immune cells and its role in the development of lymphoid tissues.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".