A ZVS Bidirectional 48-/12-V Converter With Magnetic Integration for 48-V Mild Hybrid Vehicles
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a ZVS-bidirectional converter for 48V MHVs. The proposed converter boasts attractive features, including enhanced voltage gain, minimized voltage stresses, a shared electrical ground for input and output, positive output voltage polarity, and continuous low-ripple current on both sides facilitated by the presence of inductors. Additionally, the proposed converter benefits from a single-magnetic core integrating three-winding coupled inductors. In this arrangement, the currents in the second and third windings, which correspond to the currents of the converter’s 12V and 48V sides, are ripple-free, while the first winding experiences a sufficient current swing (i.e., TCM operation) to achieve ZVS. Consequently, both ZVS and current-ripple-cancellation are achieved using this magnetic integration. Mathematical and physical models, as well as magnetic system simulation, are used to elucidate the current-ripple-cancellation and to design the magnetic system. Variable-frequency control is applied to optimize the current ripple according to the output power, improving efficiency. Finally, we present the experimental results of an 800W Si-based prototype that operates under variable-frequency control within a switching frequency range of 250-500 kHz. The converter achieves a peak efficiency of 96.5%, with efficiencies of 96.1% and 96% in boost and buck modes at full-load conditions, respectively. Moreover, the converter retains above 94% power efficiency at above 25% of full load.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".