The association between endophthalmitis risk following a variety of intra-ocular procedures and defensin gene profile
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Endophthalmitis is a sight threatening complication of intra-ocular procedures. It has been suggested that a predisposition to endophthalmitis is linked to a specific genotype in the human beta-defensin 1 (HBD-1) gene when previously analysed in a small UK cohort undergoing cataract surgery. We sought to test out this hypothesis in a larger international case: control study (centres in UK, Netherlands and Canada) following a variety of intraocular procedures. International case: control study 660 individuals undergoing an intraocular procedure were recruited (165 cases of endophthalmitis and 495 controls). DNA was extracted. Single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs, rs11362, rs1800972 and rs2702877 in the HBD-1 gene were analysed (both individual genotypes and haplotypes were obtained). No associations were found when individual SNPs were analysed across the combined international cohort. However, analysis of the Toronto sub-cohort, showed a statistically significant association between the endophthalmitis cohort and the rs1800972 C allele (OR: 3.18, CI: 1.32 - 7.68, p = 0.01) and rs2702877 G allele (OR: 3.06, CI: 1.35 - 6.95, p = 0.017). No haplotype association was identified with endophthalmitis compared to control in both institution sub-cohorts and combined cohort analysis. A strong trend associating the rs1800972, rs11362 GG mini-haplotype with culture positive endophthalmitis groups across all groups was noted, but this did not reach statistical significance. This is the first study to demonstrate a genetic link between a certain genetic profile (HBD-1 gene SNP variation) and endophthalmitis. Future pre-operative genetic testing could help identify patients at risk of endophthalmitis to guide invasive treatment options.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".