Protection of First Nations Cultural Heritage: Laws, Policy, and Reform
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Thoughts and Fundamental Questions" by Michael Asch first, even though it is the last chapter in the collection, and, throughout, kept in mind the questions he posed: "What could be more reasonable than a desire to ensure that you are the custodian of your own cultural heritage?And what could be more unreasonable than holding another people's cultural heritage, of ongoing significance to them, in your hands?" 2 Unfortunately, as many of the contributions to this fine collection demonstrate, action based on the simple measure of what would be reasonable in the circumstances has often proved elusive, whether in relation to the repatriation and trade of indigenous cultural heritage (part 1 of the collection), the protection of heritage sites and ancestral remains (part 2), or the recognition of intangible heritage (part 3).Even as dominant non-indigenous legalpolitical systems in countries such as Canada and Australia have moved, albeit slowly, often grudgingly, and incompletely, towards greater respect for, and accommodation of, the territorial property rights of indigenous communities, demands for genuine recognition for cultural property rights continue to meet with resistance.At first glance, it might be assumed that cultural claims would be less affronting to non-indigenous interests than territorial claims or claims to resources; however, in chapter 12, "Looking beyond the Law: Questions about Indigenous Peoples' Tangible and Intangible Property", Val Napoleon offers a contrary hypothesis.Having observed that attempts to explain the failure to protect indigenous cultural heritage have often focused on the limitations of formal intellectual property law regimes for the protection of indigenous intellectual property and cultural heritage, Napoleon continues:But look a little more closely.Just beneath the surface, another dynamic becomes discernable.It has to do with the consequences of locating indigenous peoples' tangible and intangible property under the umbrella of 'cultural'.It is by this process that indigenous peoples' property becomes disembodied from its political, social, economic, and legal moorings within their societies.Arguably, it is precisely this displacement of property from that which gives it meaning and coherence that hinders efforts to protect it.Does adding the label 'cultural' to property facilitate its commodification and cause its vulnerability? 3
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it