Making the Case for a Third Reconstruction Based on the State of Voting Rights in America
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION"Along the unbroken chain of racism that links America's past to its present, there have been two points when the federal governmentotherwise complicit or complacent-saw the mistreatment of African Americans as intolerable": the Civil War and the Civil Rights Movement. 1 Although no provision of the Constitution or constitutional amendment directly prescribes the right to cast a vote, the Fifteenth Amendment prohibits discrimination on the basis of "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" wherever the right to vote exists. 2 The right to vote is pivotal, not just for its own sake but for what it represents and can create: equal dignity, access to education, economic opportunity, safety, and more.Despite the progress of the post-Civil War era and Civil Rights Movement, racial discrimination and the systemic deprivation of voting rights continue to plague this country, particularly in the last decade.Recent Supreme Court decisions, Shelby County v. Holder and Brnovich v.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.009 | 0.019 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.008 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.012 | 0.017 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".